Hair-waving device



" Dec. 4, 1928. 1,694,073

I F. R. MARCEL HAIR WAVING DEVICE Filed May 26, 1927 '2 Sheets-Shet 1 M WAEJ W.

BY x M A'ITORNEY,

Dec. 4, 1928. 1,694,073

F. R. MARCEL HAIR WAVING DEVICE Filed May 26, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 /Z 2 /5 fl 2 27 7 3 E 2 ATTORNEY Patented Dec. 4, 1928.

UNITED STATES FRANQOIS RENE MARCEL, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

HAIR-HAVING DEVICE.

Application filed May 26,

l\"ly invention relates to hair waving devices and more particularly to devices to be used in producing what is commonly called a permanent wave in the human hair. In the operation of producing permanent waves, it is customary to comb out trom the head a lock of hair which is then wound on a rod or curler, a shield being provided between the curler and the head to prevent burning the la ter; and in most cases a compressible or paper tube is placed over the hair on the curler; and the end of the tube nearest the head is then compressed. Over the tube is placed an electricor other type of heater for producing the heat necessary to set the wave in the hair. Genorally, some chemical is introduced, either by direct application to the hair, or it is contained in the paper tube. One object of the present invention is to provide device for closing the end of the paper tube nearest the head in order to prevent the escape of vapor or steam onto the head. The present clip or closing device for the compressible tube is more readily handled and applied than the clips heretofore provided for the purpose. It is adapted to be opened sufliciently to receive the paper tube even before it has been compressed; to reduce the tube to the minimum size required, and to cause it to fit snugly around the hair between the curler and the shield. I The clip, in the preferred construction, is made of separable parts provided with interlocking members which will ten'iporarily hold the clip in primary engagement with the paper tube until it is necessary to complete the closing of the tube, whereupon the parts may he slid in relation to each other and the operation may be performed quickly with the fingers of one hand. The clip is adapted to operate in such manner that it does not tear the tube or become clogged by the corrugations which are formed as the tube is con1- pressed. In addition, the clip is adapted to he very quickly and easily removed by the fingers of one hand, which makes it easy to remove the device from the tube and hair atter the baking operation has been completed.

A small tool is provided for spreading or Hanging the end of the paper tube around the opening of the clip to shape the end of the tube and to prevent the clip from sliding off during its application to the hair. In addition, I have provided a device which is received upon the lock of hair, the latter pass- 1927. Serial No. 194,293

ing through this device, and the device 00- operates with the clip and with the paper tube to insure the closing of the end of the paper tube beyond the end of the curler. This device also prevents the passage of the hot vapors of steam against the head. Other advantages will be set forth in the following detailed description of my invention,

In the drawings forming part of this application,

Figure 1 is a plan view of the clamping clip showing the same in the first or preliminary position, the paper tube being omitted,

Figure 2 is an edge view of one of the halves of the clip separated from its companion member, I

Figure 8 is a sectional view taken on the line 33 of Figure 1,

Figure 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of one member of the clip, and Figure 5 is a corresponding view of the other member of the clip, Figures 4 and 5 taken together constituting a sectional view on the line 44: of Figure 1 but with the parts separated.

F igure 6 is a perspective view of the shield or disc which lies close to the scalp during the waving operation,

Figure 7 is a similar view of the new member which co-operates with the clip,

Figure 8 is aperspective view of the tool for shaping the end of the paper tube adjacent the clip,

Figure 9 is an elevation showing a lock of hair wound upon a curler with the members shown in Figures 6 and 7 in their active position,

Figure 10 shows the end of the compressible or paper tube and the clip in elevation ready for the assembling of these parts,

Figure 11 shows the parts of the clip brought together to engage the end of the paper tube in the first or preliminary position,

Figure 12 is a view similar to Figure 11 showing the shaping tool being used for shaping the end of the paper tube adjacent the clip,

Figure 13 is an elevation showing the parts at the time the paper tube and clip have been completely applied and are ready to receive the heater, and

Figure 14. is a similar view showing the heater applied to the paper tube ready for the waving operation to be carried out.

I will first describe the clip for closing the end of the paper tube. This is shown more in detail in Figures 1 to inclusive. Itcomprises two separable sections, 1 and 2, adapted to slide in relation to each other, and to be locked in various degrees of overlapping. The section 1., for instance, comprises a fiat plate 3 provided with upwardly extending side walls 4 from which extend inwardly toward each other, flanges 5 each provided with locking members or serrations 6. Preferably, the side walls 1 are connected by an end wall 7. One end of the member 1 is provided with a recess or notch, as shown at 8 which is formed in the plate 3 and extending inwardly from the forward end thereof, preferably in the form of a right angle triangle. The ma terial at end edges of this notch is preferably rolled or turned, as shown at 9 in order that the edges which engage the paper tube will not be sharp and will not, therefore, cut the paper tube. In the drawings the rolled edges 9 are shown turned away from the side of the plate 3 in the opposite direction to the side walls 4.

The co-operat-ing member of the clip comprises a plate 10 similar to the plate 3, but of slightly narrower width; and it has upturned flanges 11 at each side edge, which are adapted to slide in the spaces between the plate 3 of the member 1, and the serrated flanges 5 when the members 1 and 2 are slid in relation to each other. In addition, the member 2 is shown provided with an end wall 12 to which the locking pawls are secured. I have shown a resilient member or flat spring 13 attached to the rear wall 12 by rivets 14 and this member has arms 15 extending lengthwise of the member 2 and the free ends are provided with pawls 16 adapted to engage the teeth or serrations 6 of the member 1.

To permit the arms which carry the pawls to be manipulated, I have provided finger pieces 17 on the arms 15 which extend up wardly or away from the plate 10. The plate 10 of this second member is also provided with a notch or recess 18 extending inwardly from the forward edge of the plate 1.0 and is preferably shaped as shown in Figure 1; and the edges of this notch are turned or rolled, as shown at 19 in the reverse direction to the rolled edges 9 of the member 1. By rolling the edges 19 in the opposite direction to the rolled edges 9 the members 1, 2 may be caused to slide one over the other without interference. The parts or halves 1, 2 may be completely detached from each other by pressing the finger pieces 17 toward each other to release the pawls 16 from the teeth 6, whereupon the members 1, 2 may he slid apart. In Figure 1 I have shown them brought together with the pawls engaged with the first teeth of each rack, in which position there is an opening 20 extending through the clip and formed by the two notches 8. 18 in the halves of the clip. In this position of the parts this lateral opening is of maximum size and is su'fiiciently large to receive the paper tube as will be set forth hereinafter.

The tube for enclosing the hair during the waving operation may be of any well known form and either partly or wholly conupresst ble; that is to say, the tube may be made ontirely of cardboard or paper stool:- or it may be made of metal with a compressible end, all of which is well known in the art. In the drawings I have shown a tube 21 composed of two cylinders 22 and one witain the other, and made of compressible mater 1, such as cardboard or paper; and this tube is adapted to be placed over the lock of hair which is wound on the curler.

In Figure 9 of the drawings I have shown a curler 24 on which a lock of hair 25 which has been combed out from the head is wound in spiral fashion, as shown in this figure, and the method of winding the hair on the curler is well known in the art. The shield for protecting the head or scalp from the vapors and steam formed in the waving operation, preferably consists of a disc 25 having a cen tral perforation 26 as shown in Figure 6. There is a frustro conical member 27 also having central opening 28 therethreugh corresponding with and adapted to align with the opening 26 in the disc. This frustro coir ical member is adapted to lie with its largest face against the disc 25. In Figure 8 I have shown a tool con'iprising a rod 29 having a tapered or cone shaped end 30 which is adapted to be used in reshaping the end of the paper tube after the clip has been placed in its preliminary position on the tube.

I will here describe the various steps performed in preparing the device for the waving operation, and this will make clear the advantages and functions of the several parts above described. A look of hair 25 is combed out from the head to separate it from the it of the hair and the free end of this loci: of hair is passed through the central aperture 26 in the disc 25 and then through the ape"- ture 28 in the frustro conical member 27 and these two members are then moved along the lock of hair until. they reach a poi. i the head, as shown in Figure The lock of hair which extends through these two members is then wound tightly on the curling rod 24 in spiral or other form and the fr. of the hair may be secured. by tying :1 st 31 around this and the crrler. v

The paper tube is now prepared, as shown in Figures 10, 12 by first bringing the mentbers of the clip into primary engagement as shown in Figure 11 in which position the extreme ends of the plates 3, 10 overiap each other, and the flanges 11. will he s rted into the spaces between the plate 3 and 1e flan 5. The pawls 16 will engage the teeth of the flanges 5, preferably the first or second tooth at each side, but sufficient to cause the several edges of the opening 20 to lightly press in wardly on the wall of the tube 21 to partially reduce the diameter of the tube near one end. The tool 29 is then inserted into the end of the paper tube which extends beyond the clip, and the tool is turned around in such manner as to cause the end of the paper tube to be expanded into conical shape, as shown at 32 forming a sort of flange which will temporarily prevent the clip from sliding off the end of the paper tube. When this operation has been completed there will be no further use for the tool 29 until such time as another tube is to be prepared. The paper tube with the partially closed clip is now placed endwise over the curling rod and the lock of hair wound thereon, as far as it will go, and until the flared end 32 of the paper tube extends over the frustro conical member 27. In this position of the parts the frustro conical member 27 will extend into the paper tube sufliciently far to hold the curling rod 24: beyond the plane of the plates 3, 10 of the clip. The

operator may now press in opposite directions on the outer ends of the clip members 1, 2 to force these members to telescope or slide in relation to each other, and as this action takes place the edges of the notches 8, 18 in the two clip members will crowd inwardly upon the paper tube and the pressure will be exerted at right angles to the axis of the frustro conical member 27.

This pressure is increased and as the clip members slide upon each other to exert the pressure upon the paper tube, the clip is forced by the incline of the frustro conical member 27 to move toward the right in Figure 13, until the edges 9, 19 compress the paper tube into a compact condition, collapsed closely against the lock of hair immediately beyond the end of the frustro conical member; and the point or line at which the compression takes place will be between this end of the frustro conical member and the inner end of the curling rod. WVhen the clip is compressed upon the tube as far as it will go, the curling rod must beentirely within the portion of the paper tube to the right of the compressed portion, as viewed in Figure 13.

One of the difficulties heretofore experienced has been that the clips used for compressing the tube have been very unhandy to manipulate and it was difficult to keep the curler on the correct side of the clip, because as the clip was manipulated the tendency was to draw it along the hair to a point where it surrounded the rear end of the curler. ith the present device the frustro conical member 27 co-operates with the clip and serves to hold the curler on the correct side of the line of compression of the paper tube.

After the parts have been applied in themanner described the electric heater shown at 33 in Figure 14, or any other form of device for applying heat to the hair, is then placed over the tube 21 and is moved down until one end lies adjacent the clip. It will be understood thatmoisture has been introduced, either by moistening the hair or by applying a moist cloth around the lock of hair, or else by moistening the paper tube itself; and it will be also understood that some chemical preparation either in the form of borax or any of the other materials employed for setting the wave, has been applied to the hair or to one of the elements enclosing the hair.

If the heater 33 is now set into operation it will heat the tube 21 and the hair contained within it, until the moisture within the tube is vaporized or turned into steam, and this steam will pass out of the open end of the tube 21. Due to the close fitting contact of the restricted part of the tube where it is clamped tightly to the lock of hair by means of the clip, the vapor or steam cannot pass out of this end of the tube and reach the head.

If the vapor should pass through'the crevices in the paper of the tube it will be deflected by the frustro conical member 27' and by the shield 25 so that it will not pass to the head.

After all the moisture has been vaporized 33 may be removed and driven off, the heater from the tube. To remove the tube and clip it is only necessary to press on the finger pieces 17 to release the pawls 16 from the ratchets 6, whereupon the two halves 1, 2 of the clip may be slid apart to release the clip from the tube. The tube may be slid off the curler and hair after which the hair is unwound from the curler, and the shield 25 and the frustro conical member 27 are slid off the lock of hair.

In the operation of closing the end of the tube in the manner above described, not only does the frustro conical member cooperate with the clip and. insure the holding of the rod 2 1. to one side of the clip, but it makes it possible to apply the curler to the lock of hair .Close to the head. The form of clip shown herein is adapted to be primarily applied to the tube in the manner shown before the tube is applied over the lock of hair during which time it is very easy to use both. hands to place the clip in the tube.

When it comes to the operation of finely closing the clip after the tube has been placed over the h air, the operation may be performed with the fingers, or thumb and finger of one hand by simply applying pressure to the ends of the members 1, 2; and even though the space in which to operate is limited, the operation may be performed quickly with one hand. There is no portion of the clip which will cut or tear the tube during the closing operation. Likewise the removal or releasing of the clip may be performed quickly and with much greater convenience than with the clips heretofore used for this purpose.

Having described my invention, what I claim is:

1. A clip adapted to compress a tube to be used in waving hair comprising relatively slidable and detachable members having notches to form a. lateral passage through the clip for the reception of the end of the tube, means for causing said members to slide in relation to each other in adjacent, parallel planes, and means for locking said members in different relative overlapping positions.

2. A clip adapted for compressing a tube to be used in waving hair comprising relatively slidable members having angular notches to form a polygonal, lateral passage through the clip for the reception of the end of the tube, means for guiding said members to cause them to slide in adjacent, parallel planes and means for locking said members in different relative overlapping positions.

3. A clip adapted for compressing a tube to be used in waving hair, comprising detachable members, one of which is composed of a notched plate having side walls and oppositely disposed flanges projecting from said side walls to form a guide for the second member of the clip, said second member of the clip including a notched plate adapted to be guided to slide between the plate and the side walls and flanges of said first clip member, the notches in said members forming a lateral passage through the clip for the reception of the end of the tube, and means for holding said members in diflerent relative overlapping positions.

4. A clip for compressing a tube to be used in waving hair, comprising relatively slidable members having notches to form a lateral passage through the clip for the reception of the end of the tube, and means for holding said sliding members in different relative overlapping positions, comprising notched members on one of said clip members and resilient arms having means for engaging said notched members to lock said sliding members in various positions.

5. A clip adapted for compressing a tube to be used in waving hair, comprising relatively slidable members having notches to form a lateral passage through the clip for the reception of the end of the tube, means for guiding said members to move in adjacent, parallel planes, and locking means comprising toothed means on one of said clip members, resilient arms on the other of said clip members and having means for engaging said toothed members, and finger pieces on said resilient arms adapted to be moved in opposite directions to release said locking means.

6. A clip adapted for compressing a tube to be used in hair waving comprising relatively slidable members having notches to form a lateral passage through the clip for the reception of the end of the tube, one of said members comprising a plate having side walls and oppositely disposed flanges provided with opposing teeth, the other of said clip members comprising a plate and having resilient arms provided with teeth adapted to engage said teeth to lock said sliding members in dili'erent overlapping positions.

7. A clip adapted for compressing a tube to be used in hair waving, comprising relatively slidable members having notches to form a lateral passage through the clip for the reception of the end of the tube, the edges of said notches being rolled, and means for locking said members in various overlapping positions.

8. A clip adapted for compressing a tube to be used in hair waving, comprising relatively slidable members having notches to form a lateral passage through the clip for the reception of the end of the tube, one of said members comprising a plate having side walls provided with oppositely inturned flanges spaced from said plate, the other of said members being adapted to be guided to move between said flanges and said plate, locking teeth on said flanges and resilient arms on said second clip member provided with pawls for engaging said teeth and finger pieces on said resilient arms.

9. In a hair waving device the combination.

with a compressible tube adapted to be applied over a lock of hair wound upon a curler, of a member through which the lock of hair is adapted to be passed before it is wound upon the curler, said member having an inclined guiding surface, and a clip for com pressing the end of said tube and adapted to co-operate with said inclined surface.

10. In a hair waving device the combination with a compressible tube adapted to be applied over a lock of hair wound upon a curler, of a frustro conical member having an aperture through which the lock of hair is adapted to be passed before it is wound on the curler, and a. clip adapted to compress the end of said tube and simultaneously c0- operate with said frustro conical member.

11. In a hair waving device the combination with a compressible tube adapted to be applied over a lock of hair wound upon a curler, of a frustro conical member having an aperture through which the lock of hair is adapted to be passed, said aperture being smaller than the curler-with the hair wound thereon, and a clip adapted to compress the end of the tube and to simultaneously cooperate with the inclined surface of said frustro conical member.

12. A clip adapted for compressing a tube to be used in waving hair, comprising relatively movable members having angular notches extending inwardly in the end of each of said members to form a lateral passage through the clip for the reception of the end of the tube, means carried by said membel's for limiting them to a sliding rectilinear movement in relation to each other and adapted to permit said members to be separated from each other, and means for locking said members in diflerent relative overlapping po- 10 sitions.

Signed at the city, county and State of New York, the 24th day of May, 1927.

FRANooIs RENE MARCEL. 

